lidah buaya berbunga indah

lidah buaya yang sengaja ditanam sekitar 3 tahun lalu oleh baba minggu ini berbunga. lidah buaya memang banyak manfaatnya. manfaat utama sih, sangat dirasakan si dedek adikku yang rajin menggunakan lidah buaya untuk mengobati rambutnya yang rontok.
aku juga pernah mencoba mengganti cincau campuran es dengan daging lidah buaya, tapi mungkin karna aku tidak mencucinya dengan benar, alhasil lidahku yang jadi gatal-gatal.. hahha
back to the main discussion, bunga lidah buaya ini tergolong unik. selain karna seumur hidup aku baru ketemu kali ini. tangkai bunganya juga panjang dan tumbuh di kelopak lidah buaya, bahkan klo dilihat sekilas saja, seperti sengaja ditaruh di situ.
baba senang sekali lidah buaya tanamannya berbunga, sampe baba minta hasil foto bunganya aku print. "kejadian langka', katanya, "besok2 belum tentu berbunga lagi"
semua ciptaan tuhan memang indah, apa lagi kejadian seperti ini juga jarang terjadi/

dapat kelas ekstensi lagi..

alhamdulillah, masih diberi kepercayaan oleh bu atasan untuk tetap mengampu kelas ekstensi. ketemu lagi sama oma2.. heuuu..
ada kebahagiaan yang sangat berbeda saat harus memberi kuliah pada mahasiswa yang umurnya sepantaran orang tua kita sendiri. kadang ada rasa canggung, takut kurang sopan, dll lah..
bahasa inggris juga bukan mata kuliah yang asing untuk mereka, tapi berhubung mereka nempuh sekolah dasar, menengah, dan atasnya dulu belum masuk tahun 2000an. jadi untuk bahasa inggris, mereka sedikit agak mengalami kesukaran.
perlu ekstra sabar, ekstra maklum menghadapi mereka. karena mereka lebih senang diajak mengobrol ala kadarnya tentang harga sembako dari pada membahas materi dari silabus yang sudah saya berikan di awal semester (pengalaman beberapa semester lalu). tampaknya semester ini juga akan begitu :)
semoga aku tetap bisa profesional dalam bekerja sama dengan mereka.. amiinnn
tetap semangat menjalani hari, tetap berobat terus agar bisa segera sembuh, tetap ikhlas bekerja untuk bekal masa depan.. semangattt!!

pada suatu malam dua tahun yang lalu anak tetangga datang ditemani ibunya, wajahnya memelas sekali, tugas semester dari dosennya belum selesai dia kerjakan, tidak ada yang mau membantunya mengerjakan tugas tsb, akhirnya dia datang padaku dan dengan senang hati, beberapa referensi aku permak sana sini, maka....

Modesty Value in Pantun

(Traditional Pantun in Jambi’s Culture)

This article examine the value of modesty in pantun. Especially in traditional pantun in Jambi’s culture. The method of this research is qualitative descriptive. This has data in qualitative form. It is mean that all of the data are not in statistic form. The technique of data analysis in this research is the Alir Miles and Huberman 1989 model. Based on the result of this research, we can conclude that; the modesty value in jambi’s pantun can be categorized into three group, they are; individual category, social category, and religious category. In this paper, focus of our discussion is about modesty in social category.

Keywords: modesty value

Introduction

Indonesia has literary works in large numbers. It caused of every ethnic group in Indonesia has different and colorful literary works. According to Semi, the wealthy of Indonesian’s literary work divided into three big groups, they are; 1) oral literary works, 2) written literary works, 3) modern literary works.[1]

Generally, Indonesian in pre modern era did not know the written tradition. Although the technique of writing has been found, they did not use it to write the literary works. Literary works are the oldest social communication system in Malay’s culture.

Pantun is one of literary works in Indonesia. It is the real poetry from Indonesia and it can found in all of province in Indonesia. It is traditional poetry for all local societies. It is talking about the expression of human truth. It is produced by the customs and daily activities of Jambi society. In another words, pantun is familiar for all people in jambi, last, now, and in the future.

Custom is the habits of local society. Custom in real context is diversity of ethnic groups, religions, social cultures and many others elements in social life. In Jambi, custom divided into two parts, they are; Adat berbuhul mati and Adat berbuhul sentak. Adat berbuhul mati is the arrangements in society and rooted in it since the ancient time. Actually, this custom can not be separated to religion’s element. Adat berbuhul sentak is the custom that modified by situation and condition in society.

Pantun in Jambi custom used the native language. This language is simple, euphemism, polite, and has esthetics’ value. They are influenced the modesty value in pantun, especially pantun in Jambi’s custom.

Source of Data and Techniques of Analysis

Data in this paper are the verbal data. The data concrete words and realizing into words, phrases, lines, and stanzas that are expressing the modesty value. Source in this research taken from the book of Pokok- pokok Adat Pucuk Jambi Sembilan Lurah, volume III about literary custom in Jambi. This book arrange by the team of custom’s institution of Jambi province and it published in 2001. This book contains;1) introduction from the chief of the custom’s institution, 2) introduction from the governor of jambi province, 3) preface, 4) table of contents, 5) chapter I (introduction), 6) chapter II (literary in general form), 7) chapter III (Jambi’s custom and literary works), 8) closing, and 9) references.

The technique of data analysis is doing collective with the activity in collecting data. The technique in analyzing data is used alir model. This technique was introduced by miles and Huberman.[2] There are many steps in doing analysis with this technique. They are; 1) collecting data, 2) reducing data, 3) data presentation, 4) verification, and 5) final result.

The technique in checking the trustworthiness of the data is triangulation. The researcher does the triangulation of sources and method. It can help the researcher to get the truth from the data.

Value, Modesty and Pantun

Value is not only to fill the intellectual and human needs, but also to guide and teach us to be glorious, as mature as their status. Modesty is all attitudes, customs, greetings, conversations, and habits that are suitable to the right norm.

In our society, we can not live separately to others. It caused of our real need as parts of social life. Modesty is useful for us. It can create calm and quite life. In modesty socializations, specifically for teenager, parents play the most important part to realize it. 

The development of knowledge and technology influenced us in changing our condition in social life. They also change our view and interpretation of the right norm. For example, attitudes and modesties in our social surrounding.

Pantun is traditional poetry from old literary works in Indonesia. Literary works in old version can be differing to literary works now. Because, old literary works includes all pre history relics. The characteristics of old literary works in Indonesia, are; 1) the arrangements are no name, because they were considered that literary works are public’s wealthy, 2) literary works were being tied to the norm, because the writer afraid to making false or uncommon artistic results, 3) always used illustration words as their expression, 4) theme in every literary works always talking about right and wrong, and ending with the victory to the right one, 5) the description of castile or kingdom in every literary works, 6) talking about the gods and goddesses or other inscrutable things more than the real human life.[3]

Pantun is like an old literary works. The characteristics of pantun are;1) it rhyme a-b-a-b, 2) it has four lines, 3) two lines in front are the couplet, and two lines in the end are the contents.[4]

Pantun can be divided into two groups, based on its contents and its form. Kinds of it content, pantun has four kinds, they are; kids pantun, teen pantun, old person pantun, and teka teki pantun. Based on its form, pantun has four kinds, thye are; common pantun, seloka, talibun, and karmina.

Traditional pantun in jambi is one f literary works in jambi. As Syam stated in pokok- pokok adapt pucuk jambi sembilan lurah jilid III[5]; traditional pantun in jambi is one of literary traditional works from jambi. Beside pantun, jambi also has petatah petitih that can be used in communication among the native ethnic in jambi.

Data Analysis

In jambi traditional pantun, there are several pantuns that have modesty value in social category. They will be analyzing in the following parts based on their characteristics and values.

1.     Loving home town

Kalukup dipancung pahat

Padi di dendang di atas tanah

Hidup badan dikandung adat

Mati badan dikandung tanah

(kalukup cut by the chisel)

(Rice is singing on the ground)

(Life body is pregnant by the custom)

(Died body is pregnant by the ground)

In the forth and the fifth line, the modesty value shows the feeling of full love to the home town, because life or die we still in our home town.

2.    Always practicing the kindness

Arang safat debunya rintik

Cempedak dapat di padang pisang

Orang beradat lakunya baik

Idak beradat sopannya hilang

(Safat charcoal has dots dust)

(Get jackfruits in banana garden)

(Traditional people has good attitude)

(Without custom the modesty lost)

In our life, we always asked to do something in the right way. It must be care to reach the compatible. If someone practicing the kindness, he will be respect by others. Then, others will be afraid to hurt him.

This pantun has the modesty value in social life. The modesty value shows in the third lines. It influences us to practicing the kindness in order to get honor from others.

3.    Responsible to the society.

Dibilang banyak tikar di rumah

Terbang pagi burung berkicau

Mati anak gempar serumah

Hilang adat negeri kacau

(Stated that many plaited mats at home)

(Morning flays bird sings)

(A child died uproar in a whole home)

(Adat lost the country in confusion)

In this pantun, the modesty value place in the third and the fourth lines. It tells the responsibility as a good citizen, to hold the society in a good life.

4.    Modesty in all attitudes

Modesty means the habits and attitudes in tolerance to others. Care and responsible to other elements in social surrounding.

Dedap dipaku melindungi padi

Pagar kelukup tempat menampi

Adat itu membangun budi

Supayo hidup tetap serasi

(Dedap spiked to covering the rice)

(Kelukup fence as winnowing place)

(Adat built nice behaviors)

(So that harmonious life)

This pantun is realized in social modesty category. This pantun has modesty value that must be have in someone himself in his social life. Nice behavior is mental devices, like a corporation between mind and feel to decided which is the good and the worst one. Custom in native ethnic can help someone to build his nice behaviors.

5.    Harmonious

Harmonious is a good condition, full of peace, without dispute among people in society. Harmonious build a tolerance in that society.

Perahu pelito cukup sarat

Cupak bambu di bukit kapas

Kalu kito hidup beradat

Balak jauh penyakit lepas

(Lamp boat full enough)

(Bamboo cupak in cotton hill)

(If we live in custom)

(Calamity gone disease free)

The modesty value in this pantun placed in the third and the fourth line. If we always obey the rule in our custom, thus, we will always live in harmonious life.

6.   Mutual corporation

Mutual corporation is positive attitude that have to be increase in all society. Mutual corporation means doing everything together. If we do something in mutual corporation, our job will be finished early.

Kami takut basah kain

Tapi hujan tidak lebat

]kami mencari tempat lain

Biar lambat asal selamat

(We are afraid to wet cloth)

(But it is not heavy rain)

(We looking for other place)

(Kate is not big problem if we are safe)

This pantun shows that mutual corporation brings us to be good participants in every job. In society, mutual corporation is needed to built good surrounding. And hold the best corporation among others.

7.    Obedient to the custom and the rule

Pulau kulupuk tempat di tebat

Ikan di tebat mati tubo

Kalu hidup idak beradat

Ibarat sungai jatuh ke muaro

(Kelupuk island placed in tebat)

(Fish in tebat died by the stupefying)

(If we live without custom)

(Like a river fall to the mouth)

This pantun means that if we do not obey the custom and all rules in it, our life will be nothing.

Memecah gelombang di tengah laut

Sebelum gelombang pecah di pantai

Kedatangan kami jangan terkejut

Karno datang serto tuo tengganai

(Break the waves in the middle of the sea)

(Before the waves break at the beach)

(Our arrival do not be surprised)

(Because we are coming with the old and the honorable man)

In jambi custom, the old and the honorable person called tuo tengganai. In each occasion with a glorious event, tuo tengganai always attend it. Respect to tuo tengganai shows tha we are obeying the custom in the right way.

8.    Unity

Every ethnic needs unity to keep their relationship in their life. Unity always be improve by the ethnic groups until today. Unity help us to solve the problem (big or small) in our life.

Bahumo dapat di payo gedang

Bungo sekuntum di dalam semai

Bilo adat kito pegang

Hidup rukun serto damai

(Plant the rice in the big field)

(A flower in seedling)

(If the custom we hold)

(Life in harmonious and peace)

This pantun interpretative the condition in unity and holding the harmonious together based on the rules in custom.

Conclusion

There are thirty four pantun in jambi custom. Twenty nine pantun have modesty value, but in this paper only discuss about the modesty pantun in social life. Several pantun has modesty value and divided based on their contents and meaning. They are; loving home town, always practicing the kindness, responsible to the society, modesty in all attitudes, harmonious, mutual corporation, obedient to the custom and the rule, and unity.

Actually, every literary works have good contribution to our life. They can be the basic of our plan in building the real life and make it better. As one of the elements in our social life, we have to take the literary works care. Because, literary works are the wealthy sources in our nation. To avoid the crime works in literary, we have to used it as our brand and work as good as the custom stated in literary works, especially pantun.

---

[1] Atar Semi. 1995. Kritik Sastra. Bandung: Angkasa.

[2] In Analisis Data Kualitatif. (Terjemahan Tjetjep Rohendi Rohidi)

[3] Arifin. Kamus Sastra Indonesia.

[4] Anton Moeliono in KBBI

[5] Book of Jambi traditional department

---------------- taraaaa...tugasnya selesai juga, jam 7 pagi keesokan harinya mereka datang lagi ke rumah, wajah gadis itu merona saking senangnya. ibunya menyelipkan selembar uang merah dibalik taplak meja ruang tamu kami..

aku merenung..apa lah arti lembaran itu, aku ikhlas, walau waktu tidurku terganggu.

hingga hari ini pun aku masih merenung. gadis itu sudah menjadi seorang sarjana sekarang. mungkin dia masih ingat atau mungkin juga dia sudah lupa.

basic structure

BASIC ENGLISH STRUCTURE

BY:

NININ YASIRO

THE STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

SULTHAN THAHA SYAIFUDDIN JAMBI

2013

TO BE

Tobe (kata kerja To Be) adalah kata kerja bantu yang biasa digunakan dalam kalimat nominal.

Kalimat nominal adalah kalimat yang tidak mempunyai kata kerja (Verb).

To be mempunyai beberapa bentuk yang digunakan berdasarkan bentuk tenses yang digunakan dalam kalimat.

Dalam kesempatan ini, to be yang kita pelajari adalah to be yang digunakan dalam kalimat dengan menggunakan bentuk keterangan waktu sekarang (Simple Present Tense). Bentuk to be yang digunakan adalah:

ü  Am, digunakan bersama I (saya) yang merupakan subjek orang pertama tunggal

ü  Are, digunakan bersama You (kamu), We (kami), They (mereka), dan semua sabjek jamak

ü  Is, digunakan bersama He (dia laki- laki), She (dia perempuan), it (dia-benda atau hewan), dan semua orang ketiga tunggal

To be digunakan untuk menghubungkan antara subject (sabjek) dan complement (pelengkap). Complement bisa berbentuk: Noun (kata benda), Adjective (kata sifat), Adverb of Place (kata keterangang tempat), Preposition (kata depan), dan Numeral (kata bilangan).

Examples (contoh- contoh):

Ø  Safe’i is a doctor

Ø  The earth is flat

Ø  It is a city of New York

Ø  Bedul and Dola are friends

Ø  I am thirteen years old

Ø  The shark is in the sea

Ø  It is on top of page

NOUN

Noun (kata benda) adalah nama- nama dari benda hidup maupun mati, abstrak maupun konkrit.

Contoh- contoh dari verb adalah:

1. The name of persons (nama orang), misalnya; Abdurrahman, Muhammad, dan Maria.
2. The name of places (nama tempat-Negara atau Kota), misalnya; Nigeria, Iraq, dan Tokyo
3. The name of things (nama benda), misalnya; Temple (candi), ruler (penggaris), dan bottle (botol)
4. The name of professions (nama profesi), misalnya; minister (menteri), soldier (tentara), dan driver (sopir)
5. The name of animals (nama hewan), misalnya; goat (kambing), dragon fly (capung), dan fish (ikan)
6. The name of abstract nouns (nama benda abstrak), misalnya; happiness (kebahagiaan), advantage (keuntungan), dan accountability (pertanggungjawaban)
7. The name of activities (nama aktifitas atau kegiatan), misalnya; traveling (melancong), swimming (renang), dan cooking (memasak)
8. The name of days and months (nama hari dan bulan), misalnya; Wednesday (rabu), June (juni), dan Tuesday (selasa)
9. The name of subjects (nama mata pelajaran), misalnya; sports (olah raga), civics (PKn), dan history (sejarah)
10. The name of families (nama keluarga), misalnya; grand father (kakek), daughter in law (menantu perempuan), dan nephew (keponakan laki- laki)

Noun dapat menjadi;

ü  Subject of the sentence (subjek kalimat), contoh; Tokyo is the capital city of Japan.

ü  Object of the verb (objek kata kerja), contoh; my sister makes cookies.

ü  Object of preposition (objek kata depan), contoh; we buy our needs in mall.

NB: Kata yang bercetak tebal pada kalimat contoh di atas adalah Noun (kata benda)

PERSONAL PRONOUN

Personal pronoun (kata ganti orang) adalah kata yang digunakan untuk mengganti orang (a person), benda (thing), or hewan (animal).

Personal pronoun dalam kalimat dapat berada pada posis subjek maupun objek. Dalam struktur bahasa Inggris, kata ganti yang terletak sebagai subjek dan yang terletak sebagai sebagi objek akan berbeda.

Perhatikan tabel berikut ini!

Personal Pronoun

Sebagai Subjek	Sebagai Objek
I (Saya) You (Kamu) He (Dia- pria) She (Dia- wanita) It (Dia- Benda) We (Kami) They (Mereka)	Me (Saya) You (kamu) Him (Dia- pria) Her (Dia- wanita) It (Dia- benda) Us (Kita) Them (Mereka)

Contoh dalam kalimat:

1.   He is an astronaut. I love Him

Dia seorang astronot. Saya mencintai nya

2.   I tell about the truth. You can believe Me

Saya berbicara tentang kebenaran. Kamu dapat mempercayai saya

3.   They go forward. I can see Them

Mereka maju ke depan. Saya dapat melihat Mereka

4.   It is a wild dog. I am afraid of It

Dia adalah seekor anjing liar. Saya takut pada nya

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE

Possessive adjective (kata sifat yang menyatakan milik), adalah kata- kata yang digunakan untuk menyatakan milik. Kata ganti tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, akan tetapi selalu diikuti oleh kata benda (Noun).

Form of possessive adejtives;

My 

Your

His

Her

Its

Our

Their

Contoh kalimat yang menggunakan possessive adjective:

1. I have a car. My car is Avanza (Saya punya mobil. Mobil saya Avanza)
2. I meet Emilia with her husband, Husni (Saya bertemu Emilia dengan suaminya, Husni)
3. Yogyakarta is famous with its university. (Yogyakarta terkenal dengan universitasnya)
4. Jack is wearing jacket. His jacket is black. (Jack memakai jaket. Jaketnya berwarna hitam)
5. Thanks for your help (Terimakasih atas pertolonganmu)

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Possessive pronouns (kata ganti milik), adalah kata- kata yang digunakan untuk menyatakan milik. Mereka dapat berdiri sendiri dan tidak diikuti oleh kata benda (Noun).

Form of possessive pronouns:

Mine

Yours

His

Hers

-

Ours

Theirs

Contoh kalimat dengan menggunakan possessive pronouns:

1.   That one is mine and this one is yours (Yang itu milikku dan yang ini milikmu)

2.   My laptop is small and hers is big (Laptop saya kecil dan milik dia besar)

3.   It is your money. It is yours (Ini uangmu, ini milikmu)

REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

Reflexive pronouns (kata ganti reflektif), adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang mempunyai hubungan timbale balik (reciprocal relation)

Form of reflexive pronoun:

Myself

Yourself

Himself

Herself

Itself

Ourselves

Themselves

Contoh kalimat dengan menggunakan reflexive pronouns:

1.   He is angry with himself (Dia marah dengan dirinya sendiri)

2.   I cut myself with a knife (Saya memotong diri saya dengan pisau)

3.   The woman shot herself with a gun (Wanita menembak dirinya dengan senjata)

4.   They think about themselves. (Mereka memikirkan diri mereka)

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN

Demonstrative pronoun adalah kata ganti penujuk yang digunakan untuk menunjuk sesuatu.

Bentuk demonstrative pronoun:

This is (ini)

That is (itu)

Dua bentuk demonstrative pronouns ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan benda tunggal.

These are (ini)

Those are (itu)

Dua bentuk demonstrative pronouns ini digunakan untuk menujukkan benda jamak

Contoh:

1. This is an expensive bag (ini sebuah tas yang mahal)
2. That is a big horse (itu seekor kuda yang besar)
3. These are expensive bags (ini tas- tas yang mahal)
4. Those are big horses (itu kuda- kuda yang besar)

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN

Interrogative pronoun adalah kata ganti tanya yang digunakan untuk mengajukan pertanyaan.

Bentuk dan kegunaan interrogative pronoun

1.   Who (siapa)

Contoh:

·        Who are you? (siapa kamu?)

·        Who is speaking? (siapa yang berbicara?)

2.   What (apa/ apa yang/ berapa)

·        What do you want? (apa yang kamu mau?)

·        What are you talking about? (apa yang kamu bicarakan?)

·        What is the price of it? (berapa harganya?)

3.   Which (yang mana)

·        Which one is your friend? (yang mana temannmu?)

·        Which cake do you eat? (kue mana yang kamu makan?)

4.   When (kapan)

·        When did you come? (kapan kamu datang?)

·        When were you born? (kapan kamu lahir?)

5.   Where (dimana/ kemana)

·        Where do you live? (dimana kamu tinggal?)

·        Where are you going? (kemana kamu pergi?)

6.   Whose (milik siapa)

·        Whose house is it? (milik siapa rumah ini?)

·        Whose dictionary is  that? (milik siapa kamus itu?)

7.   Whom (dengan siapa/ untuk siapa/ kepada siapa, dll)

·        Whom did you go with? (dengan siapa kamu pergi?)

·        Whom did you buy it? (dengan siapa kamu membelinya?)

8.   Why (kenapa/ mengapa)

·        Why is he so unhappy? (kenapa dia sangat tidak bahagia?)

·        Why do you come late? (kenapa kamu datang terlambat?)

9.   How (bagaimana/ berapa)

·        How do you feel? (bagaimana perasaanmu?)

·        How far is Jambi to Sengeti?(berapa jauh jambi ke Sengeti)

INDEFINITE PRONOUN

Indefinite pronoun adalah kata ganti tak tentu yang selalu dianggap tunggal dan memerlukan bentuk kata kerja tunggal.

Bentuk indefinite pronoun:

Ø  One (orang, kamu, anda)

Contoh: one must knock the door before entering the room (orang harus mengetuk pintu sebelum masuk kedalam ruangan)

Ø  Anybody (seorang, siapa saja, setiap orang)

Contoh: anybody is welcome (setiap orang disambut)

Ø  Anything (sesuatu)

Contoh:anything is better (sesuatu lebih baik)

Ø  Anyone (seorang, siapa pun, setiap orang)

Contoh: anyone must be able to do it (siapa pun harus bisa melakukannya)

Ø  Everyone (setiap orang)

Contoh: everyone has right (setiap orang punya hak)

Ø  Everybody (setiap orang)

Contoh: everybody say no (setiap orang bilang tidak)

Ø  Everything (segalanya)

Contoh: you are my everything (kamu adalah segalanya)

Ø  None (tak seorang pun)

Contoh: none hates her (tak seorang pun membencinya)

Ø  Nobody (tak seorang pun)

Contoh: nobody is perfect (tak seorang pun yang sempurna)

Ø  Nothing (tak satu pun)

Contoh: he says nothing (dia tdak mengatakan apa- apa)

Ø  Someone (seseorang)

Contoh: someone wants to meet you (seseorang ingin bertemu denganmu)

Ø  Somebody (sesorang)

Contoh: somebody was here an hour ago (seseorang berada disini satu jam yang lalu)

Ø  Something (sesuatu)

Contoh: I have something to talk (saya punya sesuatu untuk dibicarakan)

ADJECTIVE

Adjective (kata sifat) adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan orang, tempat atau benda.

Contoh kata sifat:

Beautiful (cantik)

Black and white (hitam dan putih)

Busy (sibuk)

Important (penting)

Necessary (perlu)

Lucky (beruntung)

Yellow (kuning)

Tidy (rapi)

Contoh Adjective dalam kalimat:

1. Jenny looks beautiful (Jenny terlihat cantik)
2. This is a fast train (ini kereta api yang cepat)
3. Lija speaks English very well (Lija berbahasa Inggris dengan baik)
4. This is a delicious meat (ini adalah daging yang lezat)
5. We have some special guest today (kami mempunyai beberapa tamu khusus hari ini)

ADVERB

Adverb (kata keterangan) yaitu kata yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan kata kerja, kata sifat, dan kata keterangan.

Tipe kata keterangan dibagi menjadi enam, yaitu;

1. Adverb of manner (keterangan cara)

Contoh: calmly (dengan tenang), slowly (dengan pelan), well (dengan baik)

Contoh dalam kalimat: He answers the interrogation calmly (dia menjawab pertanyaan itu dengan tenang)

2. Adverb of place and direction (keterangan tempat dan arah)

Contoh: west (barat), there (di sana/ ke sana), upstairs (di atas)

Contoh dalam kalimat: I built my new house in west side of this province (saya membangun rumah baru saya di sisi barat provinsi ini)

3. Adverb of time (keterangan waktu)

Contoh: Ago (yang lalu), since (sejak), today (hari ini)

Contoh kalimat: They were here an hour ago (mereka ada di sini satu jam yang lalu)

4. Adverb of frequency (keterangan keseringan)

Contoh: always (selalu), seldom (jarang), usually (biasanya)

Contoh dalam kalimat: I always wear my shocks (saya selalu memakai kaos kaki saya)

5. Adverb of degree (keterangan derajat)

Contoh: really (sungguh), in fact (sebenarnya), of course (tentu)

Contoh kalimat: I trust you, in fact. (sebenarnya saya mempercayaimu)

6. Adverb of modality (keterangan kemungkinan)

Contoh: likely (barangkali), perhaps (mungkin), possibly (barangkali)

Contoh dalam kalimat: perhaps it will be rain (mungkin akan hujan)